Trialeti, historical and geographic region of Georgia located between Javakheti and Kartli, earlier encompassed territories of Tsalka and Dmanisi municipalities, and was famous with livestock breeding and field-crop cultivation. Region located on the crossroads of Eastern Georgia, in the course of time, as a result of continuous invasions of enemies, became nearly deserted. However, it preserved for us rich historical heritage: more than hundred churches and ruins of fortresses and settlements,

caves and cavities, boulder structures and settlements, boulder monoliths. As it looks, the first human being in the Transcaucasia also made his first abode here, in historical Trialeti, on the territory of Dmanisi. It happened nearly 1.800.000 years ago. After excavations in Dmanisi region in 1999 and 2001 skulls of the first Eurasian hominids and chin bones were unearthed. Scholars named them Homo Georgikus. Georgia’s Preserved Territories were expanded in 2013 when Dashbashi and Samshvilde canyons were added to their list. Canyons are shaped by river Khrami. Its riverbed was formed in the

volcanic (basalt lava) rocks on which Tsalka plateau and Khrami massif are positioned. Underground water outlets and waterfalls, natural and human-made caves multiply on the slopes. Canyon is the best object for educational and scientific tours since on the slopes of a canyon one can vividly see history of geologic development of the region. Dashbashi canyon is situated on the elevation of 1500 m above sea level.

 

1. Archeological research works started in Dmanisi back in 1936 and are under way up to the present. Many cultural layers of various periods were discovered. Since 2007 Dmanisi archeological monuments were included in the trial list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

2. Dashbashi’s canyon

3. Necklace. Gold, cornelian, lazurite, jet, amber. First half of II mill. BC. In the Bronze Age Trialeti was known as the culture of

burial mounds. In the burials of this period (diameter of the stone mound of one of the burials discovered in Zurtaketi is 100 m, height 8 m, inner space of funeral hall 150 sq. m) clay and metal dishware, copper, bronze, silver and obsidian weapons and panoply, gold, silver and stone necklaces were unearthed. Many articles have been acknowledged as specimens of art.

 

Location: South mountain land of Georgia, both banks of river Mashavera (basin of river Khrami)

Distance: 130 km away from Rustavi, 120 km away from Tbilisi

Sea level: 1250 m

Landscape: mountainous

Climate: moderately humid, winter moderately cold, mean temperature in January -2,7 degrees centigrade, snow cover from mid-December up to the end of March; summer moderately warm, mean temperature in July 18,2 degrees centigrade

Average annual precipitation: 698 mm

Average comparative annual humidity: 73%

Duration of annual sunny light: 1760 h.

Natural treatment factors: middle mountain low belt climate and slightly sulfide, chloride-hydro-carbonate, sodium, slightly alkali (P-7,9) mineral waters available in the Dmanisi environs with general mineralization of 0,4- 0,8 g/dm3

Types of therapy: mineral water application (drinking), passive climate therapy

Diseases for treatment: cardiovascular system pathologies, bronchial asthma, chronic gastritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, urinary and calculus disease, iron-deficit anemia.